{"id":1151,"date":"2023-11-13T13:09:02","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T04:09:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/h4ck.kr\/?p=1151"},"modified":"2023-11-13T13:15:55","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T04:15:55","slug":"%ec%8b%ac%eb%b3%bc%eb%a6%ad-%ed%99%98%ea%b2%bd-%ec%82%ac%ec%9a%a9-%ed%85%8c%ec%8a%a4%ed%8a%b8-%eb%8c%80%ec%83%81-%ed%94%84%eb%a1%9c%ea%b7%b8%eb%9e%a8%ec%97%90-%eb%8c%80%ed%95%9c-%ec%8b%ac%eb%b3%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/h4ck.kr\/?p=1151","title":{"rendered":"\uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud658\uacbd \uc0ac\uc6a9: \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub300\uc0c1 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \uba85\ub839\uc904 \uc778\uc218\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc \ubc0f \uc608\uc81c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

KLEE\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uba85\ub839\uc904 \uc635\uc158 \uac1c\uc694<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c \ub300\ub85c, KLEE\ub294 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud658\uacbd\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc635\uc158\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc635\uc158\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc885\uc885 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774 \ud29c\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5bc\uc740 -sym-arg<\/strong> \ubc0f -sym-files<\/strong> \uc635\uc158 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ub418\ub294 \uc635\uc158\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc608\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-sym-arg \uc635\uc158<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 -sym-arg <N><\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc774 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub300\uc0c1 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc5d0 \uae38\uc774 N<\/strong>\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc904 \uc778\uc218\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774 \uc635\uc158\uc758 \ubcc0\ud615\uc778 -sym-args <MIN> <MAX> <N><\/strong>\uc740 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 MIN<\/strong>\uac1c\uc758 \uc778\uc218\uc640 \ucd5c\ub300 MAX<\/strong>\uac1c\uc758 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \uc778\uc218\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uba70 \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \uae38\uc774\uac00 N<\/strong>\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-sym-arg<\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uba3c\uc800 \ud558\ub4dc\ucf54\ub529\ub41c \ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638\uc640 \uba85\ub839\uc904 \uc778\uc218\ub97c \ube44\uad50\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \uc18c\uc2a4\ucf54\ub4dc\uc778 password.c<\/strong>\ub97c \uc608\ub85c \ub4e4\uaca0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
#include <stdio.h>\n\nint check_password(char *buf) {\n  if (buf[0] == 'h' && buf[1] == 'e' &&\n      buf[2] == 'l' && buf[3] == 'l' &&\n      buf[4] == 'o')\n    return 1;\n  return 0;\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char **argv) {\n  if (argc < 2)\n     return 1;\n  \n  if (check_password(argv[1])) {\n    printf(\"Password found!\\\\n\");\n    return 0;\n  }\n\n  return 1;\n}<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \ud65c\uc131\ud654\ud558\ub824\uba74, KLEE\uc5d0 -posix-runtime<\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
password.c<\/strong>\uc758 bitCode\ub97c \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace0, -sym-arg<\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc744 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec KLEE\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
$ clang-11 -emit-llvm -c -g -O0 -Xclang -disable-O0-optnone password.c\n$ klee -posix-runtime password.bc -sym-arg 5\nKLEE: NOTE: Using POSIX model: \/snap\/klee\/6\/usr\/local\/lib\/klee\/runtime\/libkleeRuntimePOSIX64_Debug+Asserts.bca\nKLEE: output directory is \"\/home\/ubuntu\/whitehat\/IOT-research\/klee-study\/tutorial_3\/klee-out-0\"\nKLEE: Using STP solver backend\nKLEE: SAT solver: MiniSat\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'password.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'klee_range64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memcpy64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memset64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'klee_overshift_check64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: printf\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: strlen\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: strncmp\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: Alignment of memory from call \"malloc\" is not modelled. Using alignment of 8.\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling external: syscall(4, 93888559554320, 93888557024960) at klee_src\/runtime\/POSIX\/fd.c:530 12\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling __klee_posix_wrapped_main with extra arguments.\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling external: printf(93888562012160) at password.c:17 5\nPassword found!\n\nKLEE: done: total instructions = 2028\nKLEE: done: completed paths = 6\nKLEE: done: partially completed paths = 0\nKLEE: done: generated tests = 6<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\ubcf4\ub2e4\uc2dc\ud53c, \uba85\ub839\uc904 \uc778\uc218\uac00 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0, KLEE\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uba85\ub839\uc904 \uc778\uc218\uac00 \ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638\uc640 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc5ec\uc12f \uac1c\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
-sym-files \uc635\uc158<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\uc635\uc158 -sym-files <NUM> <N><\/strong>\ub294 NUM<\/strong>\uac1c\uc758 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uba70, \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud30c\uc77c\uc740 ‘A’<\/strong>\ub85c \uc774\ub984 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud30c\uc77c\uc740 ‘B’<\/strong>\ub85c \uc774\ub984 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70 \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uac01 \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub294 N<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc774 \uc635\uc158\uc758 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc635\uc158\uc73c\ub85c -sym-stdin<\/strong>\uacfc -sym-stdout<\/strong>\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uac01\uac01 \ud45c\uc900 \uc785\ub825 \ubc0f \ud45c\uc900 \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\uc81c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc9c0\uc815\ud55c \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc744 \uc77d\uc5b4 \ud558\ub4dc \ucf54\ub529\ub41c \ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638\uc640 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 password2.c<\/strong> \uc18c\uc2a4\ucf54\ub4dc\uc778 \uc774\ub984\uc758 \ud328\uc2a4\uc6cc\ub4dc \uac80\uc0ac\uae30\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud574\ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c \uc774\ub984\uc774 \uc9c0\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac70\ub098 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc5f4 \ub54c \uc624\ub958\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 \ud45c\uc900 \uc785\ub825\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
#include <sys\/types.h>\n#include <sys\/stat.h>\n#include <fcntl.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n\nint check_password(int fd) {\n  char buf[5];\n  if (read(fd, buf, 5) != -1) {\n    if (buf[0] == 'h' && buf[1] == 'e' &&\n\tbuf[2] == 'l' && buf[3] == 'l' &&\n\tbuf[4] == 'o')\n      return 1;\n  }\n  return 0;\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char **argv) {\n  int fd;\n\n  if (argc >= 2) {\n    if ((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) != -1) {\n      if (check_password(fd)) {\n        printf(\"Password found in %s\\\\n\", argv[1]);\n        close(fd);\n        return 0;\n      }\n      close(fd);\n      return 1;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (check_password(0)) {\n    printf(\"Password found in standard input\\\\n\");\n    return 0;\n  }\n\n  return 1;\n}<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\uc81c KLEE\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc77d\uc73c\ub824\uace0 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc774 \uba48\ucd94\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc785\ub825\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc2e4\ud589\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 -sym-stdin<\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud45c\uc900 \uc785\ub825\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \uc785\ub825\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 KLEE\ub294 \ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638 \ud655\uc778\uc774 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
$ clang-11 -emit-llvm -c -g -O0 -Xclang -disable-O0-optnone password2.c\n$ klee -posix-runtime password2.bc -sym-stdin 10\nKLEE: NOTE: Using POSIX model: \/snap\/klee\/6\/usr\/local\/lib\/klee\/runtime\/libkleeRuntimePOSIX64_Debug+Asserts.bca\nKLEE: output directory is \"\/home\/ubuntu\/whitehat\/IOT-research\/klee-study\/tutorial_3\/klee-out-1\"\nKLEE: Using STP solver backend\nKLEE: SAT solver: MiniSat\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'password2.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'klee_range64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memcpy64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memmove64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memset64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'klee_overshift_check64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: printf\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: strlen\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: strncmp\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: Alignment of memory from call \"malloc\" is not modelled. Using alignment of 8.\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling external: syscall(4, 94631781707192, 94631778752272) at klee_src\/runtime\/POSIX\/fd.c:530 12\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling __klee_posix_wrapped_main with extra arguments.\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling external: printf(94631781840032) at password2.c:35 5\nPassword found in standard input\n\nKLEE: done: total instructions = 2934\nKLEE: done: completed paths = 6\nKLEE: done: partially completed paths = 0\nKLEE: done: generated tests = 6<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\uc81c KLEE\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud574\ub0c8\ub2e4!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uc77d\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638 \ud655\uc778\uc774 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d KLEE\uac00 \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc77d\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-sym-files<\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc740 ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ <\/strong>\ub4f1\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc544\ub798\uc758 -sym-files<\/strong> 1 10<\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, KLEE\uc5d0\uac8c \ud06c\uae30\uac00 10\ubc14\uc774\ud2b8\uc778 \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud30c\uc77c \ud558\ub098<\/strong>\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc694\uccad\ud558\uace0, KLEE\ub294 \uc774 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 ‘A’<\/strong>\ub85c \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \ud30c\uc77c \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc5d0 \uc778\uc218\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
$ klee -posix-runtime password2.bc A -sym-files 1 10\nKLEE: NOTE: Using POSIX model: \/snap\/klee\/6\/usr\/local\/lib\/klee\/runtime\/libkleeRuntimePOSIX64_Debug+Asserts.bca\nKLEE: output directory is \"\/home\/ubuntu\/whitehat\/IOT-research\/klee-study\/tutorial_3\/klee-out-2\"\nKLEE: Using STP solver backend\nKLEE: SAT solver: MiniSat\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'password2.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'klee_range64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memcpy64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memmove64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'memset64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nwarning: Linking two modules of different target triples: 'klee_overshift_check64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu' whereas 'klee_init_env64_Debug+Asserts.bc' is 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'\n\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: printf\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: strlen\nKLEE: WARNING: undefined reference to function: strncmp\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: Alignment of memory from call \"malloc\" is not modelled. Using alignment of 8.\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling external: syscall(4, 94091070492128, 94091067545360) at klee_src\/runtime\/POSIX\/fd.c:530 12\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling __klee_posix_wrapped_main with extra arguments.\nKLEE: WARNING ONCE: calling external: printf(94091070597920, 94091070491088) at password2.c:25 15\nPassword found in A\n\nKLEE: done: total instructions = 6351\nKLEE: done: completed paths = 6\nKLEE: done: partially completed paths = 0\nKLEE: done: generated tests = 6<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\ube44\ubc00\ubc88\ud638\ub294 \uc2e4\ud589 \uacbd\ub85c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2ec\ubcfc\ub9ad \ud30c\uc77c A<\/strong>\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77d\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\ucd9c\ucc98 \ubc0f \ubc88\uc5ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/klee.github.io\/tutorials\/using-symbolic\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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